Most view alchemy as a proto-science and precursor to modern chemistry. Alchemists established a practical set of rules for carrying out reliable experimentation and documenting result. They accurately described the properties of many elements and a great many chemical compounds. But alchemists had no knowledge of quantum physics, or any kind of physics for that matter. They knew nothing about force or mechanics. It would have been beyond them to describe the chemical behavior of materials with any degree of veracity. This has been the traditional view of western science toward its quaint, backward ancestor. Be that as it may, there are fields of contemporary science in which alchemy is still practiced, it’s just that it isn’t called that. High velocity particle colliders, for example, force atoms or parts of atoms to coalesce under intense pressure, thus resulting in a new material. For a while during the 20th century, materials engineers experimented with converting platinum to gold, and to some extent succeeded. At a fundamental level, the exploration of nuclear fusion is an alchemical enterprise wherein the isotope of one element—typically hydrogen—is combined with another to create a new substance—helium.

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In the 20 years since Pons and Fleishmann’s paper, governments and institutions have continued investing modest sums into cold fusion research. Japan and India have opened and closed and opened again several laboratories devoted to atomic fusion. Film producer Sidney Kimmel recently donated $5.5 million to the University of Missouri for the establishment of the Sidney Kimmel Institute for Nuclear Renaissance to support continued experimentation based on Pons and Fleishmann’s methods. Now and then, amateur scientists avow that they have successfully produced a cold fusion event and struggle to get their work published in peer-reviewed journals. In 2011 an Italian inventor named Andrea Rossi invented a machine which he claims produces heat with cold fusion. Rossi calls his machine the Energy Catalyzer, or E-Cat for short. The Italian government issued him a patent for the device on April 6 of 2011. The scientific community has been encouraging of Rossi’s innovation, but scientists who have seen the specification that Rossi has provided say that the reactions the device causes are not physically possible. The United States Patent Office receives patent requests routinely for cold fusion machines. As a policy they reject these requests on the grounds that they do not work.