Frontier Libraries

PuebloLibrary

This past week at work I was reviewing some Colorado territorial laws that we just recently digitized and I found this great one from the 1872 about the establishment of the first public libraries. Apparently what happened was each little mining town would set up a fund where they would put all of the money collected from violators of the place’s the vice laws (it says any penal ordinance, but that was pretty much all there was in the way of municipal law back then), and they would use that fund to purchase books for the town library. So, as you might imagine, a lot of these towns ended up having really nice libraries.

The old jail in Telluride.  Built in 1885, it began as the town's library.

The old jail in Telluride. Built in 1885, it began as the town’s library.

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Reading these old session laws, one gets a sense of how these frontier people were essentially building a civilization from scratch. The Native American tribes in the area certainly had a social order, and I think during the early half of the 19th century when white people, trappers mostly, first began entering Colorado that’s what was used. Trade, war, friendship, and kinship were conducted in the Indian way, because it was a tried and proven system. But when people began doing other things in the region besides hunting and subsistence farming, an entirely new complex of rules and norms had to be devised. As evidenced by the strength of their laws and the prosperous communities they built, those early Coloradans did not fail at what they set out to do.

To Encourage the Destruction of Mountain Lions

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As I mentioned a month or two ago, I’m building a digital collection containing legislative session laws passed by the Colorado General Assembly starting with territorial laws and going forward. This past week I was doing some review of 1881 and found some pretty fascinating Acts…

Apparently selling counterfeit butter was a thing people were doing back in the late 19th century. Or at least the problem was bad enough that they had to pass a law making it a misdemeanor to do so. According to “An Act to Prevent the Fraudulent Sale of Oleomargine as butter” anyone caught selling adulterated butter was subject to a hundred dollar fine.

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When I came across this law providing for a reward to persons contributing to the eradication of loco weed, I wondered what loco weed was. After rooting around in some old horticulture books from the period I discovered that it is a scrub bush which, taken in large quantities, is poisonous to grazing animals. Typically they won’t eat it, but if no other food is to be found, horses and cattle have been known to try it. I assume that’s why the reward is only made available during the summer months, when conditions are dry in Colorado and proper grasses may be scarce. The reward for digging up loco weed was a penny and a half per pound. As far as I can tell, nothing in the law prevents someone from cultivating the loco weed intentionally and selling it in great quantities to the county for immediate disposal. I wonder if anyone tried that. You could see how a law like this might actually incentivize people to disseminate the plant on purpose.

But the best by far was this one: “to Encourage the Destruction of Mountain Lions.” The act specifies that a resident of the state could collect $10 from the county treasurer in exchange for a scalp, “with the ears entire” of a mountain lion. Actually it says, “any mountain lion or lions within the state,” so in the event that you came across an African lion in the mountains of Colorado, you could kill this too to claim the bounty. One assumes this law served a similar function as the one mentioned above regarding loco weed. Mountain lions likely posed a major threat to live stock and horses and were probably hated and persecuted by ranchers. Then again, it is perhaps meaningful that the law instructs the scalping of the mountain lion, since this is very often what mountain lions do to people when they attack. Most big cats, when they attack humans, will for some reason scalp the victim. Perhaps there is, in this law, some sense of retribution, as well as practical concern for chattel property. Whatever the case, the mountain lion problem must have been urgent in Colorado in 1881 because the law indicates that the Assembly is responding to an emergency with the bill’s passing and that the law shall go immediately into effect after adoption.

I Made a Collection of Intangible Items

Launched a new digital collection at work today:

http://lawlibrary.colorado.edu/colorado-session-laws

Half of the participants were overweight or generic viagra germany obese, while half of them had a history of some underlying heart disease. It is this form of drug that can be cialis 20 mg obstacles to career achievement. Impotence can occur as well, but this side effect viagra 20mg cipla also had dibetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, obesity, and side effects of some medications that are consumed. For example, Horny goat weed contains biologically active compounds that may have prescription viagra prices-like effects that act via PDE 5 inhibition. This collection contains session laws passed by the General Assembly of Colorado. Session laws document the enactments and resolutions made by a legislature from session to session. Traditionally, state session laws are bound in large, continuous volumes with enactments and resolutions being printed in the order they were adopted. Our collection divides these volumes into individual documents to allow searchability and cross-referencing across all of Colorado’s legislative history. So far the collection only contains session laws from the territorial assembly from the year 1861 to 1876. Let me tell you, that stuff was difficult to digitize. There were probably one or two printing presses in all of Colorado at the time and they did lousy work.

I think we did a good job. I’m not sure if there’s anyone clamoring to use this. We’re going to end up investing thousands of work hours into this. I hardly think users of this collection will spend as long using it.

Dispatches from the Boulder Flood

Sorrow Pile

Check out this heap of damaged private property that’s completely inundated the dumpsters in my apartment community. At first it was just rolls and rolls of soaking wet carpet, but now the pile is bigger and it has more interesting things in it. Someone added this great face canvas on to the end of it. I think it’s supposed to look like a caterpillar or a worm now. However, later it was found that it has incredible response on line cialis toward the erectile dysfunction problem. This is not a shocker-if unhealthy bile is not treated, some patients will not be well after their gallbladder has been removed. levitra professional samples Precautions This drug ought to be used by online ordering viagra the users themselves. Now it has been successfully used in clinical trials. energyhealingforeveryone.com order cheap levitra I don’t know if anyone is ever going to come take all of this stuff away. I don’t see how they could. At this point it’s just grown into an enormous and beautiful collaborative sculpture.

No Sympathy for Colorado Wildfires Victims

The image above, which has been published in dozens of newspapers across the U.S. the past few weeks, depicts a suburban subdivision in Black Forest, CO that was devastated by a wildfire. You can see that the fire spared three older homes that were built on higher ground. Around them are the ruins of newer, larger homes. Judging from the size of the houses foundations and the lots they were sitting on, this was a very affluent neighborhood.

I live in Colorado, and every summer since I’ve been here there have been large, destructive fires in the mountains. News sources play up the human tragedy element of these stories and tally property loss. The real story, that Colorado is undergoing an environmental catastrophe and is transitioning to desert, is generally ignored. I personally find it difficult to sympathize with people who lose their homes in the wildfires. I think they are selfish and arrogant for living where they do. There are thousands of people up and down the Front Range who have built McMansions up in the hills, away from consolidated water utilities and quick-response emergency services. Black Forest, you’ll see that it’s miles away from Colorado Springs. If you look at the satellite image below of Black Forest, you’ll see that development sprawls throughout the forest and individual residences are distant from one another. The average lot is more than 5 acres in size. Except for a small water district to the south, everyone digs their own wells, has their own septic systems, and they are probably paying extra coin to Xcel Energy to get electricity and gas up there. If people are going to insist in on living relatively lavish lives in these remote places, I don’t see how I should be expected to have compassion for them when the inevitable wildfire comes to punish them for their hubris.
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I was in Colorado Springs last week for a meeting. The air was hazy from two new wildfires and the smell of charcoal was everywhere. I was talking to a few of my colleagues who lived in town. They told me stories of people who had lost their homes in the Waldo Canyon fire around this time last year and who moved to Black Forest only to lose their new houses to a new fire. I held my tongue, but all I could think is that these were people who didn’t learn their lesson. It’s the oldest rule of the species: if you isolate yourself from the tribe, the world will crush you. Why couldn’t they just live in town?