The Ecstacy of the Ecstacy of Saint Teresa

Gian Lorenzo Bernini Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

In a small church only a few blocks from the train station in Rome there resides a marvelous sculpture by Gian Lorenzo Bernini depicting an episode in the The Life of Teresa of Jesus in which Teresa of Avila, founder of the eremitic order of the Discalced Carmelites, undergoes a profound and ecstatic religious experience at the hands of an angel who disembowels her with a gold-tipped spear. She finds the pain so excruciating that it is glorious, and it causes her to surrender herself wholly to God. She describes the episode with the following:

“I saw in his hand a long spear of gold, and at the iron’s point there seemed to be a little fire. He appeared to me to be thrusting it at times into my heart, and to pierce my very entrails; when he drew it out, he seemed to draw them out also, and to leave me all on fire with a great love of God. The pain was so great, that it made me moan; and yet so surpassing was the sweetness of this excessive pain, that I could not wish to be rid of it.”

Chapter XXIX; Part 17, Teresa’s Autobiography

The narration is pronouncedly erotic. The angel pierces Teresa Avila with the phallic arrow and repeatedly plunges the point into her heart in a motion resembling copulation. The sensation is both painful and pleasurable and inspires in her a deep attachment to God, of whom the Angel is an agent and a surrogate. The overtly sexual nature of the passage was not lost on Bernini. In his composition the angel kneels over Teresa’s prone body, her back rearing up slightly. From her expression, we see that she is overwhelmed, but there is no strain in her face. Her complexion is not is not wracked and twisted, as it would if she were undergoing tortuous pain. Her eyes are lightly closed and her mouth is slack and half agape. She is not crying out, but only moaning.

gianlorenzobernini_theecstasyofsainttherese-detail

We recognize these as signs of sexual pleasure, and Bernini is positing that these same signs may also be used to represent spiritual rapture. Of course it is an approximation. He manages to convey sexual extravagance with remarkable fidelity, however he falls well short of representing divine encounter. But it is a doomed project to begin with and Bernini is simply doing his best with what he has. It is impossible to represent the ecstasy described by Saint Teresa of Avila because they have no precedent in shared experience. The episode with the angel was a revelation intended for Teresa and Teresa alone, and cannot be shared with others who have not undergone the same trial.
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In her own telling, Teresa too is at a loss when she attempts to explain the significance of the event and what it might mean to others besides herself. She writes this:

“The pain is not bodily, but spiritual; though the body has its share in it. It is a caressing of love so sweet which now takes place between the soul and God, that I pray God of His goodness to make him experience it who may think that I am lying.”

Here she struggles with the contradiction of the sensation that is not entirely sensate, and concedes finally that her object is ineffable and beyond the knowledge of those whom God has not made knowledgeable of it. And so this is the dilemma that Bernini audaciously seeks to solve with his masterpiece: make commonly known the singular event, that which was experienced by one blessed individual and which remains obscured from all others. I believe succeeds, but only to a degree. He shows us the road we must take to reach knowledge, but he can only take us so far up the road. He shows us that the ecstasy of Saint Teresa is like sexual ecstasy that we experience in intercourse with a lover, but it is not perfectly analogous. It is an incomplete representation. Many see the work and are able to discover the secret meaning (that this sculpture is in fact a pornographic image), but they stop there and they do not see it as anything more than a surreptitious representation of sexual expression. It is expected that we will go further, that we will use the sculpture as a starting point and that we will compose our own masterwork within our imaginations and this will be the true image of the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. By doing so we will be effecting our own revelation upon ourselves and we will, as Teresa bids us, experience it so that we do not think that it is a lie.

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4 thoughts on The Ecstacy of the Ecstacy of Saint Teresa

  1. I came across your blog quite by accident: I was looking for an image of Bernini’s sculpture, which has always left me in awe, for a point I was making on Facebook. But then I read your piece and consider it a thoughtful analysis that takes the reader/viewer past the merely erotic, which as you point out, is meant to be a starting point, an analogy for an experience that cannot be accurately described. I have bookmarked your blog and hope to read more of it. Thanks.

  2. I once had a sword pierced into my Heart, by the Lord God (Jesus Christ) Himself.
    It was Not a small sword but a Large Bladed Sword
    (Think Arnold In Conan the Barbarian Sword)

    (Never Removing it… at any point in Time)
    He pushed it into my Heart Once…I did mourn… the pain was very excruciating liken unto a Heart Attack.
    (if it was glorious, it was because of what… He showed me at the same time in a vision of the Pain, that of my Wife and that I was the cause of it…it caused me to immediately surrender myself wholly to God and to the Father’s Will.)

    (Never Removing the Sword… at any point in Time)
    He than thrusted the sword further once more deeper into my Heart… As if to say, Do You Feel It …Do You Surrender… I do I said I already did…

    (Never Removing the Sword… at any point in Time)
    He than thrusted the same sword further one more time deeper still the third time (Never removing it at all times)
    As if to say… Do You Feel It …Do You Surrender… I once again replied and said yes Lord I understand and Surrender.

    Than it was over… It left me half fallen… Shaken and Slouching on the metal bench… Liken to a man who had gone through a Heart Attack… With a Vivid Vision of the Underlying Understanding of it All…

    I believe this to be the same experience of
    The Ecstacy of the Ecstacy of Saint Teresa
    And I believe the Ecstasy part or Sexual Connotations… Might not be as is written, Only Saint Teresa Knows. For Trusting can be mean…something else.
    Bless God, Bless the Son and Bless the Holy Spirit… for they Save Man from the Pit and turn His Ways to Life Everlasting , Amen

  3. Lisa from Carmel California

    I used to stare at this rendering in an art book as a child. I wanted st Teresa’s experience. Years later I began meditation and my first meditation was of the angel a cherub piercing my heart with a flamming arrow. I experienced extreme ecstasy and pain. The angel was above me to the left, I had forgotten any of this from my childhood. It was not sexual at all but felt like my soul was carried to the height of heaven itself.

    You have to experience it to understand it and you have to want God with your whole heart. It is an experience of the soul and yet the body does feel pain which is over shadowed by the bliss

  4. God has created relationship between Himself and His people. It is fulfilled in worship, and consummated in marriage. I remember how despondant I was, and while in prayer, God named each part of my body and said these parts are His, He made them, and how He desires my heart. I was so on fire afterwards, I made over 20 Valentine’s Day cookie bags for my co-workers with John 3:16 Scriptures stapled to each bag!! There were hearts all over each bag. Let me tell you, I was in love like a lover whispered in my ear. Can’t explain it, but it happened. Might have to be a woman to, get it, I reckon.

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